The electrocoagulation have been considered a promising technology for wastewater food treatment. This paper evaluates the application of electrocoagulation for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using two types of electrode, iron and aluminum. The initial pH, the electrolysis time and the electrical current density were used as the operating variables. The optimal operating conditions for each electrode were validated by applying the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). It was observed that the best conditions for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction were the use of aluminum electrodes with electrolysis time of 40 minutes, initial pH of 4,0 and electrical current density of 30 A·m-2. These conditions resulted in a COD removal of 86% with a final pH of 7,5. In the validation it was found a little over-prediction and a good fit for the total removal of COD with a bias and accuracy factor of 1,04 and 1,16 respectively. The developed models aim to facilitate the values prediction of process variables that should be favored when using the electrolytic method on a larger scale or in additional tests for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment.

Eletrodos de alumínio foram usados para o tratamento de efluente de uma indústria de laticínios por eletrocoagulação. Tempo de eletrólise, pH, densidade de corrente elétrica e distância entre eletrodos foram os parâmetros operacionais usados para avaliar a eficiência de remoção da demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), sólidos totais (ST) e suas frações e turbidez. Amostras foram coletadas usando a metodologia de amostragem composta, proporcional à vazão. Os tratamentos foram aplicados segundo um delineamento fatorial de meia fração com dois níveis e 3 repetições no ponto central. As melhores condições operacionais foram tempo de eletrólise de 21 minutos, pH inicial de aproximadamente 5,0 e densidade de corrente elétrica de 61,6A m-2, resultando em redução de 57% de DQO, remoção de turbidez de 99%, remoção de sólidos suspensos totais de 92% e sólidos suspensos voláteis de 97%. O pH do efluente tratado foi de aproximadamente 10. Para a condição otimizada, o custo operacional foi de aproximadamente 3, 48 R$ m-3.

This research deals with the investigation of electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of wastewater from a dairy plant using aluminum electrodes. Electrolysis time, pH, current density and distance between electrodes were considered to assess the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS) and their fractions and turbidity. Samples were collected from the effluent of a dairy plant using a sampling methodology proportional to the flow. The treatments were applied according to design factorial of half fraction with two levels of treatments and 3 repetitions at the central point. The optimization of parameters for treating dairy industry effluent by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes showed that electric current application for 21 minutes, an initial sample pH near 5.0 and a current density of 61.6A m-2 resulted in a significant reduction in COD by 57%; removal of turbidity by 99%, removal of total suspended solids by 92% and volatile suspended solids by 97%; and a final treated effluent pH of approximately 10. Optimum operating condition was used for cost calculations show that operating cost is approximately 3.48R$ m-3.

Staphylococcus spp. can survive in biofilms for long periods of time, and they can be transferred from one point to another and cause environmental contamination in food processing. The aim of this study was to detect Staphylococcus strains isolated from a poultry processing plant by the presence of adhesion genes and the phenotypic production of exopolysaccharide. In the present study, the production of exopolysaccharide and the presence of adhesion genes in 65 strains of Staphylococcus spp. were evaluated. All strains of Staphylococcus spp. produced exopolysaccharide, as confirmed by formation of black and opaque colonies in Congo Red Agar. The variation of sucrose content was critical for the production of exopolysaccharide in Congo Red Agar since at low sucrose concentrations all strains presented a characteristic result, i.e., there was no exopolysaccharide production. The atl gene was found in all strains, and the icaA and icaD genes were found in 97% of them. The data obtained suggest that Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the poultry processing plant evaluated has a potential for biofilm formation. An efficient control of this microorganism in food processing environment is necessary as they may represent a potential risk to consumers.

A adesão de substâncias orgânicas e de microrganismos em cupons de aço inoxidável ASI 304, #4 foi avaliada. A medida de Unidades Relativas de Luz (RLU) foi afetada em menor ou maior nível pelo tipo e concentração das substâncias orgânicas e suas combinações. Entretanto, se as amostras fossem oriundas de superfícies de processamento de alimentos, elas seriam consideradas em boas condições higiênicas pois as medidas de log URL ficaram abaixo de 2,18 log (< 150 URL) com ou sem adição das substâncias orgânicas e independente da concentração estudada, as células vegetativas apresentaram número de log URL para S. carnosus maior (p<0,05) do que para os esporos de B. subtilis. Amostras de superfícies aderidas com caseína, lipídio e sacarose e 2.9x10¹ CDM.cm-2 ou 2.9x10² CDM.ml-1 não apresentaram diferença significativa (p>0.05) na medida de ATP-bioluminescência. Entretanto, superfícies aderidas com 2.9x10³ CDM.cm-2 de esporos de B. subtilis e as substâncias orgânicas mostraram um aumento no log URL comparado com as superfícies contendo somente substâncias orgânicas.

Adhesion of organic substances and microorganisms on stainless steel surface was evaluated. The log RLU measurement was affected at a lower or higher degree, by type or concentration of the organic substances (casein, lipid, sucrose and their combinations) adhered to surface. However, if the samples analyzed were from the food processing surfaces, they would have been considered to be under satisfactory hygienic conditions with log RLU < 2.18 (< 150 RLU). The log RLU measurements of Staphylococcus carnosus-adhered surfaces, combined with or without the organic substances, were higher (p<0.05) than those of the Bacillus subtilis spores-adhered surface, regardless of the concentration. The samples taken from the surfaces adhered with the casein, lipid, sucrose and 2.9x10¹ DMC.cm-2 and 2.9x10² DMC.ml-1 did not have any significant differences (p>0.05) on ATP-bioluminescence measurements. However, the surfaces adhered with 2.9x10³ DMC.cm-2 of B. subtilis spores and organic substances showed an increase in the log RLU measurement compared to surfaces containing only the organic substances.